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Sri Vishvarupa (Shankararanya)

Word From Pandharpur

Years later, on His own South Indian pilgrimage, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu learns from Sri Ranga Puri that His brother had died a perfected sannyasi at Pandharpur.

Pandharpur, Sholapur district, during Chaitanya's South Indian tour, c. 1510-1512

The chief gate of the Vithoba (Vitthala) Temple at Pandharpur, Maharashtra, at night with pilgrims gathered outside — the temple Chaitanya Mahaprabhu visited during His eleven-day stay after learning of Shankararanya's disappearance there.
The chief gate of the Vithoba (Vitthala) Temple at Pandharpur, Maharashtra, at night with pilgrims gathered outside — the temple Chaitanya Mahaprabhu visited during His eleven-day stay after learning of Shankararanya's …Wikimedia Commons · Public / freely licensed

By the time anyone in Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's family learned what had actually become of Vishvarupa, Chaitanya was no longer the schoolboy who had once been carried off in a vision. He had taken sannyasa Himself in 1510, left Bengal, settled for a time in Jagannatha Puri, and then set out on a long tour of pilgrimage sites across South India. It was during this tour, in the pilgrim town of Pandharpur on the bank of the Bhima River in what is now Maharashtra, that the news finally reached Him.

An Unexpected Godbrother #

Word reached Chaitanya Mahaprabhu that Sri Ranga Puri, a disciple of Sri Madhavendra Puri and therefore a godbrother of Chaitanya's own sannyasa-guru, Ishvara Puri, was staying in the town at a brahmana's house. Chaitanya went to see him at once, and the moment He set eyes on him He fell flat on the ground in ecstatic obeisance, weeping, trembling, His body showing every outward sign of transcendental emotion. Ranga Puri, startled by such a greeting from a stranger, asked Him to get up, remarking that anyone capable of such love must surely be connected to Madhavendra Puri himself. The two embraced, both in tears, and once they had composed themselves they sat down and talked about Krishna continuously for five to seven days.

A Curry of Banana Flowers #

In the course of their conversation Ranga Puri asked where Chaitanya had been born, and on hearing the answer, Navadvipa, a flood of old memories came back to him. He had travelled to Nabadwip once before, years earlier, with Madhavendra Puri, and had eaten at the very home of Jagannatha Mishra. He remembered, with real fondness, an unusual curry made of banana flowers that Chaitanya's mother, Sachi Devi, had cooked for the visiting sannyasis, and he remembered Sachi Devi herself, her devotion and her motherly warmth, "exactly like the mother of the universe." It is one of the small, human details Chaitanya-charitamrita is full of, a stray meal remembered decades later, connecting the sophisticated theological reunion of the two sannyasis back to an ordinary Bengali kitchen.

Word of Shankararanya #

Then Ranga Puri turned to a piece of news of his own. He recalled that one of the "deserving sons" of the Nabadwip household had himself accepted sannyasa at a very young age, taking the name Shankararanya, and he told Chaitanya plainly: that same sannyasi, Shankararanya, had attained perfection right here in Pandharpur. Chaitanya's reply confirmed what Ranga Puri may not even have realized he was telling Him: "In My previous ashrama, Shankararanya was My brother, and Jagannatha Mishra was My father." Years after Vishvarupa had walked out of the household to become a wandering sannyasi, and years after the strange vision that had once brought his voice back into his brother's life for a moment, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu learned, from a stranger's fond memory of a curry, that His brother had already left this world at the very place He now stood.

Eleven Days at Vitthala's Temple #

Chaitanya remained in Pandharpur for eleven days in all. After Ranga Puri set out again for Dvaraka, Chaitanya stayed on four more days, bathing in the Bhima River and visiting the temple of Vitthala, the local form of Krishna worshiped at Pandharpur, before continuing His own tour southward. Chaitanya-charitamrita and later Gaudiya tradition both describe Vishvarupa's disappearance there in the same terms used elsewhere for his identity: not simply death, but a return, an incarnation of Sankarshana passing back into the source he had never really been separate from. It is a quiet closing note for a figure who appears in only a handful of verses across the whole of Chaitanya-charitamrita, but who was, in the plainest and most literal sense, the brother Chaitanya Mahaprabhu never stopped remembering.

इस लीला के शास्त्र प्रमाण

তাঁর এক যোগ্য পুত্র করিয়াছে সন্ন্যাস ।
‘শঙ্করারণ্য’ নাম তাঁর অল্প বয়স ॥ ২৯৯ ॥

tanra eka yogya putra kariyache sannyasa
'sankararanya' nama tanra alpa vayasa

शब्दार्थ

tanra—her; eka yogya putra—one deserving son; kariyache sannyasa—has accepted sannyasa; sankararanya nama—named Sankararanya; tanra alpa vayasa—at a very young age.

Sri Ranga Puri also remembered that one of her deserving sons had accepted the renounced order at a very young age. His name was Shankararanya.

Madhya 9.299 Sri Chaitanya-caritamrita

Ranga Puri first raises the name Shankararanya in conversation with Chaitanya, unaware at first that he is speaking of Chaitanya's own brother.

এই তীর্থে শঙ্করারণ্যের সিদ্ধিপ্রাপ্তি হৈল ।
প্রস্তাবে শ্রীরঙ্গ-পুরী এতেক কহিল ॥ ৩০০ ॥

ei tirthe sankararanyera siddhi-prapti haila
prastave sri-ranga-puri eteka kahila

शब्दार्थ

ei tirthe—in this holy place; sankararanyera—of Shankararanya; siddhi-prapti haila—attainment of perfection became fulfilled; prastave—in the course of conversation; sri-ranga-puri eteka kahila—Sri Ranga Puri spoke thus.

Sri Ranga Puri informed Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu that the sannyasi named Shankararanya had attained perfection in that holy place, Pandarapura.

तात्पर्य से: Purport excerpt: "Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu's elder brother was named Viśvarūpa. He left home before Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu and accepted the sannyāsa order under the name of Śaṅkarāraṇya Svāmī."

Madhya 9.300 Sri Chaitanya-caritamrita

The purport here gives the second of the two disappearance-year figures found in Prabhupada's own notes (1432 Shakabda/A.D. 1510, versus 1431 Shakabda/A.D. 1509 at Adi 13.74) — a small discrepancy this site reports rather than silently resolves.

প্রভু কহে, — পূর্বাশ্রমে তেঁহ মোর ভ্রাতা ।
জগন্নাথ মিশ্র — পূর্বাশ্রমে মোর পিতা ॥ ৩০১ ॥

prabhu kahe, — purvasrame tenha mora bhrata
jagannatha misra — purvasrame mora pita

शब्दार्थ

prabhu kahe—the Lord replied; purvasrame—in My previous ashrama; tenha mora bhrata—He was My brother; jagannatha misra—Jagannatha Mishra; purvasrame mora pita—in My previous ashrama, My father.

Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu said, "In My previous ashrama, Shankararanya was My brother and Jagannatha Mishra was My father."

Madhya 9.301 Sri Chaitanya-caritamrita

Chaitanya's own direct confirmation, in His own words, that the sannyasi Shankararanya was in fact Vishvarupa, His brother.