Maharaja Prataparudra

Forbidden by Sannyasa Etiquette

Why Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu refused, again and again, to grant the king he loved a single audience.

Jagannatha Puri, c. 1512-1513

By the time Prataparudra first asked to meet Him, Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu had already been living at Jagannatha Puri for some time, and had already converted the kingdom's most formidable scholar, Sarvabhauma Bhattacharya, into one of His own followers. It was Sarvabhauma, now the Lord's devotee rather than merely His host's chief pandit, who carried the King's request forward — and who received, for his trouble, one of the sharpest refusals recorded anywhere in the Chaitanya-charitamrita.

DetailDescription
Who asked firstSarvabhauma Bhattacharya, on the King's behalf
The Lord's stated reasonA sannyasi meeting a king is as dangerous as meeting a woman
Verse quotedChaitanya-chandrodaya-nataka 8.23-24, quoted by the Lord Himself
Who eventually softened the groundRamananda Raya, on his return from Vidyanagara
What the King offered insteadNityananda Prabhu's request for the Lord's used cloth; later, the King's own son
Outcome of this stageNo direct meeting yet — that came only at Ratha-yatra

A Rule Mahaprabhu Made for Himself #

The rule was not aimed at Prataparudra in particular. Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu held every sannyasi of His own circle, Himself included, to a strict standard of avoiding two things above all: wealth and the company of women, and by extension the company of the wealthy and powerful whose lives revolve around both. A king, however sincere his devotion, was by definition a man surrounded by money, land and political power, and the Lord treated close association with such a person as spiritually corrosive for a renunciate regardless of the individual's personal qualities. This was not theory for Him; it shaped how He behaved for the rest of His time at Puri, as the pages on His years at Jagannatha Puri describe.

Sarvabhauma's Request and the Covered Ears #

When Sarvabhauma Bhattacharya first raised the subject — "There is a king named Pratāparudra Rāya. He is very anxious to meet You" — Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's response was immediate and physical: He covered His ears with His hands. "Since I am in the renounced order," He said, "it is as dangerous for Me to meet a king as to meet a woman. To meet either would be just like drinking poison." He went further, quoting a verse from Kavi Karnapura's Sri Chaitanya-chandrodaya-nataka comparing the sight of a materialist or a woman, for a sannyasi genuinely trying to cross the ocean of material existence, to something more abominable than the willing drinking of poison (Chaitanya-charitamrita, Madhya-lila 11.7-8).

"Like a Venomous Snake" #

Sarvabhauma tried again, pointing out that this was no ordinary king but a great devotee and servant of Lord Jagannatha. The Lord did not disagree about the King's devotion, but He refused to let it change the rule: "Although it is correct that the King is a great devotee, he is still to be considered a venomous snake... just as one is immediately frightened upon seeing a live serpent... one endeavoring for self-realization should similarly fear a materialistic person" (Madhya-lila 11.10-11). Then He warned Sarvabhauma plainly that if the request were raised again, the Bhattacharya would never see Him at Puri again. Frightened, Sarvabhauma went home to think the matter over.

Ramananda Raya's Homecoming Softens the Ground #

The turning point came from an unexpected direction. When Ramananda Raya — Prataparudra's own governor of Vidyanagara, whom the Lord had personally asked to resign his post and live at Puri — finally arrived and went straight to see the Lord, he described how the King had wept with joy on hearing that Ramananda wished to serve Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, granted him a full pension without hesitation, and called himself unfit even to hope for an interview in this lifetime. Hearing this secondhand account of the King's humility, the Lord's attitude visibly warmed: "Because the King has shown so much love for you, Lord Krishna will certainly accept him" (Madhya-lila 11.27). It is a small but pointed illustration of a principle the Lord stated to Ramananda directly that same day — that devotion to a devotee of Krishna is itself a path to Krishna's mercy.

A Used Garment and a Threat to Become a Yogi #

The King's own devotees kept trying. When word reached the devotees that Prataparudra had grown so desperate he was threatening to renounce his kingdom outright and become a wandering mendicant if he could not see the Lord, Nityananda Prabhu intervened on his behalf, asking the Lord's servant Govinda for one of the Lord's used cloths and sending it to the King through Sarvabhauma. Prataparudra received it as if it were the Lord Himself and began to worship it. Around the same time, when Ramananda Raya pressed once more for a direct meeting, the Lord again refused — comparing the King's single flaw of birth to the one drop of liquor that spoils an entire pot of milk: "The King certainly possesses all good qualities, but simply by taking up the name 'king,' he has infected everything" (Madhya-lila 12.54).

The Prince Who Reminded Him of Krishna #

Unable to refuse Ramananda Raya outright, the Lord offered a compromise that was also, in its way, a joke at His own rule's expense: bring Me the King's son instead, since scripture holds that a son represents his father. When the teenaged prince arrived, dressed in yellow with dark, almond-shaped eyes, Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu was immediately reminded of Krishna Himself and embraced him without reservation. It satisfied nothing about the King's own longing, but it was the first sign that the Lord's resistance, though real, was not without a door left open somewhere.

The Lesson Within the Refusal #

Read on its own, this stretch of the Chaitanya-charitamrita can look like simple stubbornness. Read alongside what happens next, at The Disguise at Ratha-yatra, it reads instead as a demonstration: that the Lord's mercy could not be obtained by rank, by wealth, or even by rule-bending intercession from His own most confidential devotees, but only by a service so complete that it erased, for a moment, the very distinction the rule existed to protect against.

Scriptural sources for this pastime

virakta sannyāsī āmāra rāja-daraśana
strī-daraśana-sama viṣera bhakṣaṇa

Word for word

virakta — unattached; sannyāsī — person in the renounced order; āmāra — My; rāja-daraśana — meeting a king; strī-daraśana-sama — like meeting a woman; viṣera bhakṣaṇa — drinking of poison.

Since I am in the renounced order, it is as dangerous for Me to meet a king as to meet a woman. To meet either would be just like drinking poison.

Madhya 11.7 Sri Chaitanya-charitamrita

The Lord's own statement of the rule that kept Him from receiving Prataparudra for years, quoted in full on Forbidden by Sannyasa Etiquette.

niṣkiñcanasya bhagavad-bhajanonmukhasya
pāraṁ paraṁ jigamiṣor bhava-sāgarasya
sandarśanaṁ viṣayiṇām atha yoṣitāṁ ca
hā hanta hanta viṣa-bhakṣaṇato 'py asādhu

Word for word

niṣkiñcanasya — of one detached from material enjoyment; bhagavad-bhajana-unmukhasya — eager to serve the Supreme Lord; pāraṁ param jigamiṣoḥ — desiring to cross to the far side; bhava-sāgarasya — of the ocean of material existence; sandarśanam viṣayiṇām — the seeing of materialistic persons; atha yoṣitām — and of women; hā hanta hanta — alas, alas; viṣa-bhakṣaṇataḥ api asādhu — more abominable than drinking poison.

Alas, for a person who is seriously desiring to cross the material ocean and engage in the transcendental loving service of the Lord without material motives, seeing a materialist engaged in sense gratification or seeing a woman who is similarly interested is more abominable than drinking poison willingly.

Madhya 11.8 Sri Chaitanya-charitamrita

A verse from Kavi Karnapura's Sri Chaitanya-chandrodaya-nataka (8.23) that the Lord Himself quoted to Sarvabhauma Bhattacharya when first refusing to meet King Prataparudra.

prabhu kahe, — tathāpi rājā kāla-sarpākāra
kāṣṭha-nārī-sparśe yaiche upaje vikāra

Word for word

prabhu kahe — the Lord replied; tathāpi — still; rājā — the King; kāla-sarpa-ākāra — in the form of a venomous snake; kāṣṭha-nārī-sparśe — by touching a wooden woman; yaiche upaje vikāra — just as agitation arises.

The Lord replied: Still, the King is like a venomous snake. Just as agitation arises simply by touching a woman made of wood, so it is with him.

Madhya 11.10 Sri Chaitanya-charitamrita

The Lord's refusal to make an exception for Prataparudra even after Sarvabhauma pointed out that the King was a great devotee.

yadyapi pratāparudra — sarva-guṇavān
tāṅhāre malina kaila eka 'rājā'-nāma

Word for word

yadyapi — although; pratāparudra — King Prataparudra; sarva-guṇa-vān — qualified in every respect; tāṅhāre malina kaila — has made him impure; eka rājā-nāma — the single name king.

The King certainly possesses all good qualities, but simply by taking up the name king, he has infected everything.

Madhya 12.54 Sri Chaitanya-charitamrita

The Lord's milk-and-liquor comparison, given to Ramananda Raya when he again requested a meeting on the King's behalf.

Srila Prabhupada on this pastime

When He was requested to see King Pratāparudra---because he was king, he's supposed to be always in association with money and women---He refused to see him: "No, I cannot see the King." ... Therefore Caitanya Mahāprabhu strictly prohibits that if you have become niṣkiñcana, renounced order, with an idea of going forward, bhava-sāgarasya, on the other side of the ocean, then aspiring after money and women is lower than dying, committing suicide.

Srimad-Bhagavatam 1.10.11-12 — Lecture, 1973-06-25, Mayapur

Mahārāja Pratāparudra, he was a great devotee and serving Caitanya Mahāprabhu in every way. But when he wanted to see Him, Caitanya Mahāprabhu, He denied: "No, no, no. I cannot see a king. I cannot see." So His personal devotees, Sārvabhauma Bhaṭṭācārya, Rāmānanda Rāya, very confidential devotees, they requested, "Sir, he's a great devotee. He serves You in so many ways." "Yes, I know that, but because he's king, I cannot see him."

Nectar of Devotion — Lecture, 1973-01-28, Calcutta